Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals. Many low and middle-income countries (LMICs) are now aspiring to achieve UHC. Many of these countries have already introduced a tax-based health insurance scheme. In 2018, the Union Government of India (GoI) also introduced a mammoth health insurance scheme knows as ‘Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yozana’ (PM JAY) under the umbrella of ‘Ayushman Bharat’. This scheme is widely propagated as a step towards UHC. Therefore, in this study, we aim to understand the current level of coverage, distribution and predictors of health insurance in India and Bihar. Based on our analysis we also aim to critically examine the potential of PM JAY towards the goal of UHC in India.